Happy International Maritime Day!
COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of shipping to transport more than 80% of world trade, including vital medical supplies, food and other basic goods that are critical for the COVID-19 response and recovery. Malaysia is not excluded among those countries as well.
2020 world maritime day has brought upon a theme of 'sustainable shipping for sustainable planet'. There's a saying that says our earth is not ours alone, it also belongs to our future generation. As part of maritime nations , I urge that Malaysia work towards adopting measures to improve efficiency of our industry while reducing the negative impact towards our Mother Nature.
As we progress towards sustainability, I urge that we continue paving the road for more women's involvement in maritime industry. I believe that it takes togetherness and equal representation for us to truly flourish; not only in this industry, but also as a nation.
Let's do our part and let's do it right.
#WorldMaritimeDay
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
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台灣最早接觸潛艦的開始,在一戰後1918年前往日本的U艇,途中停泊在澎湖馬公港,這個記錄在日本香川縣金刀比羅宮,至今保存著那幅航海地圖
中華民國海軍的潛艦部隊,始於1960年的海昌艇隊,中國人民解放軍海軍的潛艦部隊,則始於1950年代蘇聯援助的潛艇;不過,如果是日據時代住在澎湖的鄉親,他們很可能早在第一次世界大戰結束沒多久,就曾經親眼目睹過潛艇這種在二十世紀初時開始展露頭角的劃時代新武器,而且還是赫赫有名的德國U艇!
在日本四國的香川縣有一座知名神社「金刀比羅宮」,裡面供奉海上交通的守護神,因此每當有新船下水、或是船隻要執行重要任務時,造船廠、船東、船員或相關人士就會來此祭拜,祈求平安,因此神社旁邊的繪馬殿掛滿了各種軍民用船隻本身或船用發動機的圖片。
在這些圖片當中,藏著一幅做為供品的潛艇彩色圖畫。它的尺寸較大,且也許是因為掛上去的時間較久(由畫框左邊的日期可得知應於大正九年/1920年四月掛上),不但有明顯破損,下方有一部份還被日後掛上去的圖片擋住,因此較不容易引起注意,但畫框右邊的題字《舊獨逸潛水艦迴航紀念(?)》卻暗示了這幅圖畫的不凡身份;放大照片後仔細觀察,可以發現圖畫中的潛艦帆罩上有U125的編號。這艘潛艇是什麼來頭?為什麼這艘潛艇的圖畫會出現在日本供奉海上交通守護神的金刀比羅宮裡?
這一切要從第一次世界大戰說起。第一次世界大戰時,日本加入協約國陣營;1918年大戰結束,協約國戰勝,日本因此獲得分配各種戰利品的權利,當中包括分配到七艘投降的德意志帝國海軍潛艇。這七艘潛艇如下:
1. U125:UEII型大型公海佈雷潛艇,由漢堡的布洛姆-福斯造船廠建造,1918年5月24日下水,9月4日竣工服役,因為她完工的時間已經接近戰爭尾聲,所以從未投入戰鬥。
2. U46:屬於MS型量產中型潛艇,由但澤的皇帝造船廠建造,1915年5月18日下水,12月17日竣工服役。本艇在一次大戰期間共進行過11趟戰鬥巡航,主要作戰範圍是在北大西洋和巴倫支海,在服役期間可說是戰功彪炳,至少擊沉51艘協約國商船。
3. U55:屬於MS型量產中型潛艇,由基爾的日耳曼尼亞造船廠建造,1916年3月18日下水,6月8日竣工服役。本艇在一次大戰期間共進行過14趟戰鬥巡航,主要作戰範圍是在北大西洋和北海,戰果有聲有色,至少擊沉61艘協約國商船。值得一提的是,在這些被U55擊沉的商船中,有一艘喀爾巴希亞號(RMS Carpathia),1912年時她曾趕往救援在處女航中撞上冰山沉沒的鐵達尼號,並救起數百名生還者。
4. UC90:屬於UCIII型佈雷潛艇,由漢堡的布洛姆-福斯造船廠建造,1918年1月19日下水,7月15日竣工服役,因為她完工的時間已經接近戰爭尾聲,所以從未投入戰鬥。
5. UC99:屬於UCIII型佈雷潛艇,由漢堡的布洛姆-福斯造船廠建造,1918年3月17日下水,9月20日竣工服役,因為她完工的時間已經接近戰爭尾聲,所以從未投入戰鬥。
6. UB125:屬於較小型的UBIII型潛艇,由布萊梅的AG威瑟造船廠建造,1918年4月16日下水,5月18日服役。她進行過2趟戰鬥巡航,擊沉至少六艘商船。
7. UB143:屬於較小型的UBIII型潛艇,由布萊梅的AG威瑟造船廠建造,1918年8月21日下水,10月3日竣工服役,因為她完工的時間已經接近戰爭尾聲,所以從未投入戰鬥。
1918年12月,日本在英國接收這七艘潛艇,分別暫編為丸一號到丸七號(O1到O7),但不列入日本海軍軍籍。之後這些潛艇由派駐在馬爾他的第二特務艦隊負責駛回日本,她們從英國出發,由直布羅陀進入地中海,接著再通過蘇伊士運河進入紅海,然後橫越印度洋,通過麻六甲海峽後轉往北航行,其中至少有丸一號和丸六號曾中停澎湖馬公休息整補,最後所有潛艇在1919年六月抵達最後目的地橫須賀。
也許是為了感謝神明保佑這批因日本參與第一次世界大戰獲勝而取得的戰利品潛艦平安返抵國門,一個名叫香川縣人會的團體前往金刀比羅宮參拜,恭奉U125號潛艇的圖畫,感謝神明庇佑航行順利。她們這趟由歐洲到亞洲的漫長旅程,也在這幅圖畫裡被標示出來。仔細觀察圖畫中的地圖,可以發現圖上標示出一條從歐洲出發,途經蘇伊士運河,接著橫越印度洋,通過麻六甲海峽後轉往北,看得出來其中一條航線通往台灣某地,再從原地延伸出去,最後抵達日本。
這幾艘潛艇抵達日本後,主要作為技術研究、實驗和訓練使用,並對日本日後的潛艇建造領域產生實質影響,例如伊121型潛艇(1938年改稱伊21)就是直接參考U125號潛艇建造。儘管這幾艘潛艇只是以過客的身分在馬公待了幾天,和當年先輩們生活的這塊土地僅有短暫的交會,不過對我們來說,還是值得記上一筆!
Kotohira-gū shrine is a famous Japanese temple in the Kotohira in Nakatado District, Kagawa, Japan. This shrine is patron of sea ship transport and sailor. In its ema(picture-horse) there are many paintings or photos of civil or military vessels or marine engines. They were presented as offerings by people prayed for maritime safety.
In these pictures there is an old painting of U125 which could be dated back to April 1920. Why is this painting of German U-boat in a Japanese shrine?
In WWI, Japan was one of the Entente powers. The WWI ended in 1918, and the Entente powers won the war. As a result, Japan received 7 German U boats of various types as trophies. They are U125, U46, U55, UC90, UC99, UB125, and UB143.
These 7 U boats were transferred to Japan in December 1918. They were renamed as O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, and O7 respectively, but not registered as formal IJN vessels. They were operated by 2nd Special Squadron which based in Malta then. They departed from England, then entered the Mediterranean via Gibraltar, after that they went through Suez Canal and arrived the Indian Ocean. They crossed the Indian Ocean and Strait of Malacca, then headed north from Singapore. After that at least two of them, O1 and O6, had rested and supplied in Magong, Penghu. Finally they all arrived their destination, Yokosuka, Japan.
Perhaps to show Japanese people’s appreciation for this safe cruise of seven trophy submarines gained by victorious Japan in WWI, a civil group called “Kagawa Prefecture People’s Association” contributed this painting of U125 to Kotohira-gū. Their cruise route was showed in this picture.
These submarines were used for research, experiment and training. They contributed a lot for the development of Japanese indigenous submarines. For example the Japanese submarine I-121 was a direct copy of U125.
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國際船長協會(IFSMA)於今晨發布重磅消息,籲請各船船長為遵守各項國際公約(SOLAS,MLO,MARPOL,ISM,SMS….)發函給船旗國及公司主管(DPA): 在船員遣返,醫療救護,船員情緒,等影響安全之問題未獲解決之前, 船舶將於到達第一港口之後,不在開航!!!Dear Shipmaster, NOTICE TO ALL SHIPMASTERS We, the members of the IFSMA Executive Council and the IFSMA Secretariat do hope that this letter finds you, your crews and all your families safe and well wherever you are. This global COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on all the maritime industry, but it is you the seafarer who must not be forgotten. We hope you are all aware of the work that the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) together with IFSMA and other key non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) are putting in on your behalf to enable crew changes to take place. The International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) and the International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF), supported by its affiliated unions, have been working closely with IFSMA to put pressure on Governments to start taking measures to ensure this happens to keep you, the seafarers, safe and for ships to trade safely around the world. To date, a relatively small number of steps have been taken by relatively few nations, since most are only concentrating on their internal domestic struggles against the global COVID-19 pandemic and are sometimes seemingly oblivious to your plight at sea. Since the pandemic was declared by WHO in February, many Governments and International Organisations rightly declared Force Majeure for keeping you at sea. IFSMA wishes to reiterate that it now considers this no longer appropriate. Shipmasters, their crews and all in authority in the Shipping Industry remain subject to normal contractual conditions in accordance with the ILO’s Maritime Labour Convention and all IMO Codes, Conventions, Rules and Regulations. Easing of Restrictions NOT being Extended Shipmasters share the responsibility of their ship owners and ship operator employers for the safety and welfare of their crew and for the protection of the marine environment and it is for this reason IFSMA writes personally to you today. The IMO has issued industry developed Crew Change Protocols for the guidance of nations. Despite many nations starting to ease lockdown restrictions, not all have been extended to facilitate crew changes; those that have been implemented have been driven by shipowners, crew managers and unions, with little help from nations. Notwithstanding that a recent small number of repatriations and crew changes are showing some signs of becoming easier, IFSMA is increasingly concerned that there is now clear potential for the wholly unwarranted criminalisation of the Shipmaster if a maritime incident takes place in which tiredness and the mental health of their officers and crew are subsequently found to have undermined the safe operation of their ship.
International Federation of Shipmasters‘ Associations IFSMA • IMarEST • 1 Birdcage Walk • London SW1H 9JJ • United Kingdom Phone: +44 20 7261 0450 • Fax: +44 20 3468 2134 • Email: HQ@ifsma.org • Website: www.ifsma.org Beware Fatigue IFSMA wishes to remind all Shipmasters of their responsibility to protect themselves and their crew against attempts of suicides, fatigue, caused by long working days and extended tours of duty, as enshrined in the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping, 1978 and the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (as amended). Your attention is also drawn to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 Regulation 34-1 which clearly states:- “The owner, the charterer, the company operating the ship as defined in regulation IX/1, or any other person shall not prevent or restrict the master of the ship from taking or executing any decision which, in the master’s professional judgement, is necessary for the safety of life at sea and the protection of the marine environment” ISM Code/SMS/MLC The International Safety Management (ISM) Code also states that the Company should ensure that the Safety Management System (SMS) operating on board the ship contains a clear statement emphasising the master's authority. The Company should establish in the SMS that the master has the overriding authority and the responsibility to make decisions with respect to safety and pollution prevention and to request the Company's assistance as and when may be necessary. Finally, IFSMA draws your attention to MLC Regulation 5.1.5, On-board complaints procedures. If, despite your best efforts as master, you feel the safety of your ship and crew is compromised due to lack of support from the shipowner or other factors, because: 1. Your crew is significantly beyond their contract term 2. Your crew is fatigued 3. You are short handed 4. You are concerned about the safe operation of your ship 5. You do not have sufficient PPE including sanitisers/testing (etc) 6. You do not have access to appropriate supplies including medicines 7. You cannot get access to urgent medical and urgent dental services ashore 8. Your crew is not provided free wifi/internet contact with home 9. Your crew want to go home Then: You have a duty and responsibility to report this to the shipowner (whose name and address must be stated on your seafarers’ employment agreement and the MLC Certificate carried onboard). Put the interests of your crew first. If they are not being granted their full MLC entitlements, such as: repatriation, access to medical care, entitlement to nutritious food, water and other supplies, then register their complaints with the shipowner.
International Federation of Shipmasters‘ Associations IFSMA • IMarEST • 1 Birdcage Walk • London SW1H 9JJ • United Kingdom Phone: +44 20 7261 0450 • Fax: +44 20 3468 2134 • Email: HQ@ifsma.org • Website: www.ifsma.org Under both SOLAS and the ISM Code you also have an obligation to report significant safety issues to the Shipowner (DPA) and the flag State and ensure you advise your Associations and Unions of what you are doing. You need to do this for your own protection from possible criminalisation in the event of a maritime incident, and for the safety of your crew and others. In the event that the issues you raise are not satisfactorily resolved you are entitled to refuse to sail on entry into your next port. Enclosed with this letter is a list of some of the points you might also wish to consider including in any Report/Complaint to your DPA or Administration Take care and keep safe and remember that IFSMA, the ITF and your unions stand behind you and are here to give you full support. On behalf of the IFSMA Executive Council and the IFSMA Secretariat,
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